Initiate a repository:
# initialize an existing directory as a Git repository
$ git init
# retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL
$ git clone [url]
Stage your files:
# Show modified files in working directory, staged for your
next commit
git status
# Add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage)
git add [file path]
# If you need to add ALL the modified files at once
git add .
# Unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory
$ git reset [file]
# Difference of what is changed but not staged
$ git diff
# Difference of what is staged but not yet commited
$ git diff --staged
# Commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot
$ git commit -m "descriptive message"
# Add files and Commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot
$ git commit -a
Manage branch & merge:
# list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently
active branch
$ git branch
# create a new branch at the current commit
$ git branch [branch-name]
# switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory
$ git checkout
# One line command to checkout a new branch
$ git checkout -b [branch-name]
# merge the specified branch’s history into the current one
$ git merge [branch]
# show all commits in the current branch’s history
$ git log
# Git branch rename
$ git branch -m <new_branch_name>
# Delete branch
$ git branch -d [branch name]
Inspect branch & compare
# Show the commit history for the currently active branch
$ git log
# Show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB
$ git log branchB..branchA
# Show the commits that changed file, even across renames
$ git log --follow [file]
# Show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB
$ git diff branchB...branchA
# Show any object in Git in human-readable format
$ git show [SHA]
$ git show [commit]
# used to give tags to the specified commit.
$ git tag [commitID]
Share & Update:
# add a git URL as an alias
$ git remote add [alias] [url]
# fetch down all the branches from that Git remote
$ git fetch [alias]
# merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date
$ git merge [alias]/[branch]
# Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch
$ git push [alias] [branch]
# Push commits to all branches in your repository
$ git push –all [variable name]
# fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch
$ git pull
Tracking path changes
# delete the file from project and stage the removal for
commit
$ git rm [file]
# change an existing file path and stage the move
$ git mv [existing-path] [new-path]
# show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved TEMPO
$ git log --stat -M
Rewrite history
# apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one
$ git rebase [branch]
# clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit
$ git reset --hard [commit]
Temporary Commits
# Save modified and staged changes
$ git stash
# list stack-order of stashed file changes
$ git stash list
# write working from top of stash stack
$ git stash pop
# discard the changes from top of stash stack
$ git stash drop
Ignoring patterns
# system wide ignore patern for all local repositories
$ git config --global core.excludesfile [file]
